Electromagnetic integral equations offer a powerful framework for modelling wave propagation and scattering phenomena by recasting Maxwell’s equations into formulations involving integrals over ...

Abstract: Analytically solving complex or large-scale differential equations is often difficult or even impossible, making numerical integration methods indispensable. However, as all numerical ...

Abstract: In this letter, to improve the calculation efficiency, a novel full-wave hybrid numerical method based on the finite-difference frequency domain method (FDFD) and the surface integral ...

Jason Fernando is a professional investor and writer who enjoys tackling and communicating complex business and financial problems. The market approach is a method for determining the value of an ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...