If you enjoyed this article, I’d like to ask for your support. Scientific American has served as an advocate for science and industry for 180 years, and right now may be the most critical moment in ...

Railway maintenance requires cost-effective solutions, as it is a very capital-intensive process for modern rail operators. Railway safety, punctuality, and passenger comfort depend on the railway ...

Railway track engineering is a multidisciplinary field that focuses on the design, construction, and maintenance of rail infrastructure. A critical component of this endeavour is the ballast, which ...