Abstract Let N be a near-ring. In this paper, we associate a graph corresponding to the 3-prime radical ℐ of N, denoted by Γℐ(N). Further we obtain certain topological properties of Spec(N), the ...
We consider the number of vertex independent sets i(G). In general, the problem of determining the value of i(G) is NP-complete. We present several upper and lower bounds for i(G) in terms of order, ...
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In 1950 Edward Nelson, then a student at the University of Chicago, asked the kind of deceptively simple question that can give mathematicians fits for decades. Imagine, he said, a graph — a ...
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