Oscilloscopes are time-domain instruments, but because they digitize waveforms, oscilloscopes can process time-domain signals into the frequency domain. The FFT (Fast Fourier Transform), spectrum ...

In the process of debugging and validating both digital and RF designs, the oscilloscope Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) function and a variety of other math functions can prove valuable to designers ...

The presentation of loudspeaker measurements varies wildly from manufacturer to manufacturer. This means that, without independent analysis, consumers are left comparing specifications that were ...

Let’s start our expla nations of loudspeaker measurement graphs with the most basic graph of a speaker’s behavior: the frequency response. Sometimes this is referred to as the amplitude response as ...

Fig 1. Shown is the original Hall network in its simplest representation. R1 and R2 are located at the left and right of the potentiometer. Fig 2. Although the overall frequency response for the Hall ...